California spikenard (Aralia californica)

Also known as: Elk clover, California ginseng

California spikenard (Aralia californica), also known as elk clover, is a deciduous perennial native to the western United States. It typically reaches heights up to 8 feet (2.4 meters) and can spread equally wide.

Growth Characteristics:
- Leaves: Features large, pinnately compound leaves with toothed margins.
- Flowers: Blooms in summer with clusters of small, greenish-white flowers.
- Fruit: Produces dark purple to black berries in the fall that attract birds.

Preferred Growing Conditions:
- Light: Thrives in partial to full shade.
- Soil: Prefers moist, well-drained soils, often rich in organic matter.
- Water: Needs consistent moisture, especially in dry spells.
- Habitat: Commonly found along streambanks, forest understories, and canyon areas in its native range.

California spikenard is an excellent choice for naturalizing in shaded garden areas, providing valuable habitat and food for wildlife.

In This Article

Care Tips Water Sunlight Temperature Soil Fertilize Prune Propagation Repotting

Attributes of California spikenard

Lifespan

Perennial

Plant Type

Herb

Plant Height

1.8 m to 3 m

Spread

1.8 m to 3 m

Leaf Color

Green

Flower Size

2.5 cm

Flower Color

White Green Yellow Purple

Images of California spikenard

Quickly Identify California spikenard

To identify Aralia californica, look for its large, alternate, compound leaves with toothed leaflets. The plant also has tall, erect stems that bear clusters of small, greenish-white flowers. Its fruit are berry-like drupes that turn purplish-black when ripe.

Scientific Classification of California spikenard

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Dicotyledons

Order

Apiales

Family

Ivy

Genus

Spikenards

Species

California spikenard

Planting and Growing of California spikenard

Care Difficulty

Easy

Watering Schedule

Every 2 days

Sunlight Requirements

Partial sun

Sunshine Duration

6-10 hours

Ideal Temperature

60-80℉

Soil Type

Potting Mix, Peat Mix

Soil pH

6.5-7.5

Fertilizer Type

Balanced

Pruning Season

Spring, Summer

Pruning Area

Branches, Leaves

Pruning Frequency

2 times a year

Repotting Season

Spring

Pot Type

Ceramic, Plastic

How to Water California spikenard?

For Aralia californica, the key is to maintain moist, but not waterlogged soil. It's best to water until the topsoil is thoroughly damp but not so much that water pools at the base. A consistent watering of around 500 milliliters each session should suffice, depending on environmental factors like humidity.

What are the symptoms of an underwatered California spikenard? ›

What should I do if my California spikenard is not getting enough water? ›

What are the symptoms of an overwatered California spikenard? ›

How to save an overwatered California spikenard? ›

What Are the Sunlight Requirements for California spikenard?

Sunlight Requirements: Partial sun

Duration of light: 3 to 6 hours daily

Aralia californica flourishes in environments with partial sun to partial shade. Ideal conditions ensure robust growth and resilience. Adequate light supports active photosynthesis, promoting lush foliage and a thriving plant.

Does Aralia californica prefer morning or afternoon sun? ›

What is the best environment for its growth? ›

How can I optimize sunlight exposure for Aralia californica? ›

More About Sunlight Requirements Techniques→

What Is the Ideal Temperature Range for California spikenard?

Ideal Temperature: 60 ~ 80℉

The ideal temperature range for Aralia californica is between 60°F and 80°F, as this range promotes optimal growth and development. Within this range, the plant can efficiently photosynthesize, process nutrients, and maintain healthy foliage. During these conditions, one can observe lush growth and vibrant coloring in the leaves.

What Soil is Best for California spikenard?

Soil type: Loam, Sandy loam

Soil PH: 6.5 ~ 7.5

Aralia californica thrives in well-drained soil that prevents waterlogging, which can lead to root rot. Well-drained soil ensures the roots receive adequate oxygen, promoting strong growth. This plant requires soil that retains moisture yet does not become soggy. Proper moisture retention keeps the plant hydrated, particularly during hot weather, ensuring lush, healthy foliage. Aralia californica benefits from rich, fertile soil full of organic matter. This nutrient-rich soil provides essential vitamins and minerals, leading to robust plant development and vibrant growth.

How to Fertilize California spikenard?

Fertilizer type: Balanced

For Aralia californica, a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength should be sufficient. Use about one tablespoon per gallon of water. Over-fertilizing can harm the plant, so it's crucial to stick with this minimal approach.

How to Prune California spikenard?

Pruning Time: Spring, Autumn

If your Aralia californica is growing too tall, trim back the tallest branches to a main branch or bud. This encourages a bushier plant and prevents excessively tall growth, which can become unmanageable. Prune to maintain a desired shape by cutting back to a lateral bud or branch. Shaping helps in maintaining uniformity and aesthetic appeal, essential for garden design. Remove some of the older stems at the base if the plant becomes too dense. This thinning allows light and air to penetrate, promoting a healthier plant environment. More About Pruning Techniques→

How to Propagate California spikenard plant?

Propagate Time: Spring, Late spring, Early spring

Choose robust and disease-free parents for taking cuttings or divisions. This increases the chances of successful propagation by starting with the healthiest genetic material.

Use a well-draining soil mix composed of equal parts peat moss and perlite. This mixture retains moisture while allowing excess water to escape, creating an ideal environment for root development.

Insert the prepared cuttings into the soil and water thoroughly. Ensure that the soil remains moist but not waterlogged, as too much water can cause rot and deter rooting.

More About Propagating Techniques→

How to Repot California spikenard plant?

Repotting frequency: Every two years

Aralia californica should be repotted when you see roots emerging from the drainage holes or when its growth seems stunted. The best time to recognize these signs is in early spring before the growing season begins. This ensures the plant has ample time to establish itself in the new pot during its most active phase.

Selecting the right pot for Aralia californica involves choosing one that is one size larger than the current pot, ensuring proper drainage with adequate holes. The benefits of using a slightly larger pot include more space for root expansion, which supports healthier, more vigorous growth and prevents root binding.

Opt for a rich, well-draining loam soil to repot Aralia californica. This type of soil will allow excess water to drain away while retaining the essential moisture needed for the plant. The rich nature of loam provides necessary nutrients, promoting growth and vitality.