Stinkingtoe (Hymenaea courbaril)

Also known as: West indian locust tree, South american locust, Courbaril plum, Locust

The fruit of the Hymenaea courbaril tree, also known as stinkingtoe, has been consumed by indigenous communities across the Caribbean, Central, and South America. Although it emits a strong odor, the pulp inside is quite sweet. This large tree is valued for its durable hardwood, which is often utilized in furniture making and construction. Additionally, its sap is an ingredient in some perfumes.

In This Article

Care Tips Water Sunlight Temperature Soil Fertilize Prune Propagation Repotting

Attributes of Stinkingtoe

Lifespan

Perennial

Plant Type

Tree

Plant Height

5 m to 10 m

Spread

60 cm to 1.5 m

Leaf Color

Green

Flower Size

2.5 cm to 3 cm

Flower Color

White Yellow Green Cream

Images of Stinkingtoe

Quickly Identify Stinkingtoe

Identify Hymenaea courbaril by its large size, reaching heights up to 30 meters, and its thick, twisted trunk. Its leaves are bifoliate (divided into two leaflets), glossy, and dark green. The fruits are large, brown pods that are distinctive for their strong odor.

Scientific Classification of Stinkingtoe

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Dicotyledons

Order

Fabales

Family

Legume

Genus

Hymenaeas

Species

Stinkingtoe

Planting and Growing of Stinkingtoe

Care Difficulty

Easy

Watering Schedule

Every 2 days

Sunlight Requirements

Full sun

Sunshine Duration

4-8 hours

Ideal Temperature

68-86℉

Soil Type

Potting Mix, Peat Mix

Soil pH

6.5-7.5

Fertilizer Type

Balanced

Pruning Season

Spring, Summer

Pruning Area

Branches, Leaves

Pruning Frequency

2 times a year

Repotting Season

Spring

Pot Type

Plastic, Ceramic

How to Water Stinkingtoe?

For Hymenaea courbaril, water until the soil is moist but not saturated, approximately 500ml per watering. This plant prefers well-draining soil. Make sure the top inch of soil is dry before watering again to avoid root rot.

What are the symptoms of an underwatered Stinkingtoe? ›

What should I do if my Stinkingtoe is not getting enough water? ›

What are the symptoms of an overwatered Stinkingtoe? ›

How to save an overwatered Stinkingtoe? ›

What Are the Sunlight Requirements for Stinkingtoe?

Sunlight Requirements: Full sun

Duration of light: 6-8 hours daily

For optimal development, Hymenaea courbaril thrives in full sun, meaning exposure to 6-8 hours of unfiltered sunlight per day. This condition supports strong growth, prolific flowering, and fruit maturation, safeguarding the plant's overall vigor and health.

How much direct sunlight does Hymenaea courbaril require? ›

What are the consequences of insufficient light for Hymenaea courbaril? ›

Can Hymenaea courbaril tolerate partial shade environments? ›

More About Sunlight Requirements Techniques→

What Is the Ideal Temperature Range for Stinkingtoe?

Ideal Temperature: 68 ~ 86℉

Hymenaea courbaril thrives best in a warm climate with temperatures ranging between 68°F and 86°F. This range promotes optimal growth and photosynthesis, providing conditions that mimic its natural habitat.

What Soil is Best for Stinkingtoe?

Soil type: Sandy soil, Loam, Clay soil

Soil PH: 6.5 ~ 7.5

Hymenaea courbaril requires well-drained soil to thrive. Good drainage allows for necessary root aeration and prevents waterlogging, which can lead to root rot. Well-drained soil ensures that the tree gets both the moisture and air required, promoting strong root systems and healthy growth. Rich, nutrient-laden soil supports the robust growth of Hymenaea courbaril. Nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are vital for its foliage and fruit production. Such soil provides essential minerals needed for photosynthesis and metabolic processes, enhancing the tree's overall vigor and resilience. Adequate moisture retention is pivotal for Hymenaea courbaril, ensuring consistent water supply during dry periods. Soils that retain moisture help maintain a stable environment, reducing stress on the tree and preventing issues such as leaf wilting and stunted growth.

How to Fertilize Stinkingtoe?

Fertilizer type: Balanced

Hymenaea courbaril requires a balanced amount of nutrients for optimal growth. For liquid fertilizers, a dilution rate of 1/4 strength is recommended, applied evenly over the root zone to avoid burning. For slow-release fertilizers, use a balanced N-P-K ratio, approximately 100 grams spread across the soil surface per application.

How to Prune Stinkingtoe?

Pruning Time: Spring, Summer

Start by removing any dead or diseased branches. This not only improves the tree's appearance but also encourages healthier growth by redirecting nutrients to viable branches. Trim the tree to maintain its natural shape. Focus on thinning out dense areas to improve light penetration and air circulation, thus supporting a stronger and more balanced growth structure. More About Pruning Techniques→

How to Propagate Stinkingtoe plant?

Propagate Time: Spring, Early summer

Before sowing, seeds should be soaked in warm water for 24 hours to help soften the hard seed coat. This process promotes faster germination by allowing moisture to penetrate the seed easily.

Plant the seeds in a well-draining potting mix. The seeds should be sown about an inch deep and spaced adequately to prevent overcrowding, which can lead to unhealthy growth conditions.

Select a healthy branch and cut a 6-inch section using pruning shears. Remove the leaves from the lower half of the cutting and apply rooting hormone on the cut end to enhance root development.

More About Propagating Techniques→

How to Repot Stinkingtoe plant?

Repotting frequency: Every 2-3 years

Repotting Hymenaea courbaril is necessary when the roots start to coil inside the pot, growth slows significantly, or soil drainage becomes an issue. The best time to do so is in spring or autumn when the plant experiences less stress and can adjust better to its new environment.

Select a pot that's 2 inches larger in diameter than the current one, with ample drainage holes. This prevents waterlogging and provides room for root expansion. A breathable pot, like one made of clay, can also help regulate moisture levels, promoting healthier root development.

Opt for a well-draining potting mix enriched with organic matter. This soil type fosters good aeration and prevents root rot by allowing excess water to escape. Incorporate materials such as perlite or sand to improve drainage, ensuring the roots remain healthy and vibrant.