Sword bean (Canavalia gladiata)

Also known as: Horse bean

During the summer, this plant showcases delicate white or pink flowers that resemble butterflies. Subsequently, it produces sizable fruit pods, typically measuring 30 to 50 cm in length and around 5 cm in width. The foliage comprises trifoliate leaves attached to lengthy petioles.

In This Article

Care Tips Water Sunlight Temperature Soil Fertilize Prune Propagation Repotting

Attributes of Sword bean

Lifespan

Annual, Perennial

Plant Type

Herb, Vine

Plant Height

10 m

Spread

30 cm

Leaf Color

Green

Flower Size

2.5 cm to 4 cm

Flower Color

Purple White Pink

Images of Sword bean

Quickly Identify Sword bean

Canavalia gladiata can be identified by its long, flat, sword-shaped pods, trifoliate leaves, and robust climbing vines. The flowers are typically pink or purple, making it distinguishable during its blooming period.

Scientific Classification of Sword bean

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Dicotyledons

Order

Legumes, milkworts and allies

Family

Legume

Genus

Jackbeans

Species

Sword bean

Planting and Growing of Sword bean

Care Difficulty

Easy

Watering Schedule

Every 4 days

Sunlight Requirements

Full sun

Sunshine Duration

4-8 hours

Ideal Temperature

75-86℉

Soil Type

Potting Mix, Peat Mix

Soil pH

6.5-7.5

Fertilizer Type

Balanced

Pruning Season

Spring, Summer

Pruning Area

Branches, Leaves

Pruning Frequency

2 times a year

Repotting Season

Spring

Pot Type

Terracotta, Plastic

How to Water Sword bean?

For the Canavalia gladiata, it's important to provide a deep soak but only when the soil starts to dry out. Watering should ensure that moisture reaches the root zone without waterlogging it. Ideally, water until excess starts to drain from the bottom of the pot, ensuring roots get ample moisture without being saturated.

What are the symptoms of an underwatered Sword bean? ›

What should I do if my Sword bean is not getting enough water? ›

What are the symptoms of an overwatered Sword bean? ›

How to save an overwatered Sword bean? ›

What Are the Sunlight Requirements for Sword bean?

Sunlight Requirements: Full sun, Partial sun

Duration of light: 4 to 6 hours daily

Canavalia gladiata thrives best in full sun to partial sun conditions. Ideal lighting promotes healthy photosynthesis, strong growth, and vibrant flowers, essential for its development.

Question 1: What is the best light condition for Canavalia gladiata? ›

Solution for Ideal Lighting: How to achieve the best lighting conditions? ›

Benefits of Ideal Lighting Conditions: What advantages does it bring? ›

More About Sunlight Requirements Techniques→

What Is the Ideal Temperature Range for Sword bean?

Ideal Temperature: 75 ~ 86℉

The ideal temperature range for Canavalia gladiata lies between 75°F and 86°F. Within this range, the plant can maximize its growth potential and maintain robust health. This comfort zone ensures that the metabolic processes and photosynthesis are carried out with efficiency, promoting strong growth and flowering.

What Soil is Best for Sword bean?

Soil type: Loam, Sandy loam

Soil PH: 6.5 ~ 7.5

Canavalia gladiata thrives in soils that offer excellent drainage. Proper drainage prevents water from sitting around the roots, reducing the risk of root rot and promoting healthier plant growth. These plants require soil that retains moisture without becoming overly saturated. Maintaining consistent moisture levels supports robust growth and aids in nutrient absorption, leading to a vigorous plant. A fertile soil with organic matter enriches the plant with necessary nutrients. Organic matter improves soil structure and fertility, enhancing root development and plant vitality.

How to Fertilize Sword bean?

Fertilizer type: Balanced

For Canavalia gladiata, it's crucial to use a balanced fertilizer with equal parts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK 10-10-10). Avoid over-fertilization by applying 1 tablespoon of liquid fertilizer per gallon of water.

How to Prune Sword bean?

Pruning Time: Spring, Summer, Autumn

Start by inspecting the canavalia gladiata thoroughly to identify any dead, diseased, or damaged foliage. Make a note of these areas for removal during the pruning process. Use a clean, sharp pair of pruning shears to make cuts just above a leaf node or bud. This encourages new growth in these areas. Always cut at a slight angle to prevent water from pooling on the cut surface. Trim back lanky or overgrown branches to ensure the plant maintains a compact and manageable form. This also prevents the plant from becoming top-heavy and enhances the overall aesthetic. After major cuts, remove fallen foliage from the soil surface to prevent disease. Finish by gently wiping the cut areas with a cloth soaked in soapy water to deter pests. More About Pruning Techniques→

How to Propagate Sword bean plant?

Propagate Time: Spring, Early summer

Harvest seeds from mature pods once they have dried on the plant. Gently shake the seeds free and ensure they are not damaged. Store in a cool, dry place if not planting immediately.

Use a well-draining potting mix rich in organic matter. Moisten the soil slightly before planting seeds or placing cuttings. Avoid overly compacting the soil to promote root penetration.

Sow seeds at a depth of about 1 inch, spaced sufficiently to allow for growth. Cover lightly with soil, water gently, and place in a warm, sunny spot. Keeping the soil consistently moist enhances germination.

More About Propagating Techniques→

How to Repot Sword bean plant?

Repotting frequency: Every two years

Repotting Canavalia gladiata is ideal when you notice roots growing out of the drainage holes, the soil drying out too quickly, or the plant's growth being stunted. These signs indicate that the plant has outgrown its current pot and needs more room to grow.

Select a pot that is one size larger than the current one, with ample drainage holes. A larger pot ensures enough space for root expansion, promotes healthier growth, and reduces the frequency of needing to water, as it retains moisture better.

Choose a well-draining potting mix that can retain some moisture without becoming waterlogged. This type of soil balances the needs of Canavalia gladiata by preventing root rot while supplying enough nutrients for robust growth and development.