European plum (Prunus domestica)

Also known as: Damson plum, Prune Plum, Plum Tree, Common plum, Damson

The European plum (*Prunus domestica*), a small deciduous tree, is the predominant orchard plum found across Europe and other parts of the world. This hybrid species likely originated from the wild Cherry plum (*Prunus cerasifera*). The fruit is typically elongated, fleshy, and sweet. When dried, these plums are known as prunes.

In This Article

Care Tips Water Sunlight Temperature Soil Fertilize Prune Propagation Repotting Toxicity

Attributes of European plum

Lifespan

Perennial

Plant Type

Tree

Plant Height

6 m to 15 m

Spread

10 m

Leaf Color

Green

Flower Size

1 cm to 1.5 cm

Flower Color

White

Images of European plum

Quickly Identify European plum

Tree/shrub reaching 10-20 feet (3-6 meters) with white flowers.

Smooth dark brown stem with overlapping scale buds.

Egg-shaped green leaves with serrated margins and fine hairs.

Showy white flowers with long protruding stamens, 1 inch (2.5 cm) diameter.

Succulent drupe fruit, 2-3 inches (5-7.6 cm), maturing to blue-black color.

Scientific Classification of European plum

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Dicotyledons

Order

Roses, elms, figs, and allies

Family

Rose

Genus

Prunus

Species

European plum

Planting and Growing of European plum

Care Difficulty

Moderate

Watering Schedule

Every 8 days

Sunlight Requirements

Full sun

Sunshine Duration

6-10 hours

Ideal Temperature

60-75℉

Soil Type

Potting Mix, Peat Mix

Soil pH

6.5-7.5

Fertilizer Type

Balanced

Pruning Season

Spring, Summer

Pruning Area

Branches, Leaves

Pruning Frequency

2 times a year

Repotting Season

Spring

Pot Type

Plastic, Ceramic

How to Water European plum?

Prunus domestica, commonly known as the plum tree, thrives when watered well but not to excess. The key is to ensure the soil remains consistently moist without becoming waterlogged. Aim to saturate the ground with around 500 ml of water at each session, ensuring that the moisture penetrates the root zone without pooling on the surface.

What are the symptoms of an underwatered European plum? ›

What should I do if my European plum is not getting enough water? ›

What are the symptoms of an overwatered European plum? ›

How to save an overwatered European plum? ›

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What Are the Sunlight Requirements for European plum?

Sunlight Requirements: Full sun, Partial sun

Duration of light: 6 to 8 hours daily

Prunus domestica flourishes under full sun conditions. Adequate sunlight aids in energy creation through photosynthesis, promoting healthy growth and robust fruit development, crucial for its productive season.

How much sun is optimal? ›

What if there's limited sunlight? ›

Can artificial lighting be used? ›

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What Is the Ideal Temperature Range for European plum?

Ideal Temperature: 60 ~ 75℉

The ideal temperature range for growing Prunus domestica, commonly known as the plum tree, is between 60°F and 75°F. This range provides optimal conditions for both growth and fruit production. These temperatures support active photosynthesis and energy conversion, which are critical for the healthy development of the plant.

What Soil is Best for European plum?

Soil type: Loam, Sandy loam

Soil PH: 6.5 ~ 7.5

Prunus domestica thrives in nutrient-rich soil, full of organic matter which ensures essential nutrients are readily available. This quality enhances fruit production by providing ample nourishment required for growth and fruiting. Well-draining soil prevents water from stagnating around the roots, which can lead to root rot. This soil property helps maintain the necessary oxygen levels in the soil, crucial for root health and vigorous plant growth. While the soil should drain excess water, it must also retain enough moisture to sustain the plant between watering cycles. This balance supports consistent hydration, promoting healthier foliage and more abundant fruit yield. More About Soil→

How to Fertilize European plum?

Fertilizer type: Balanced

For Prunus domestica, the fertilizer amount should be carefully measured. When applying liquid fertilizer, use about 1 liter of diluted solution per plant each time. For granular fertilizers, distribute about 50 grams per square meter, ensuring even coverage around the root zone but keeping a safe distance from the trunk to avoid root burn. More About Fertilizing Techniques→

How to Prune European plum?

Pruning Time: Spring, Summer

Begin by removing any dead, diseased, or damaged branches. These branches can sap energy from the tree and hinder healthy fruit production. Thin out areas where branches are dense to allow light and air to reach the inner parts of the tree. This helps prevent fungal diseases and encourages even fruit ripening. Aim for an open-center shape to allow sunlight penetration. Remove branches growing towards the center and any that cross over others to maintain a sturdy and productive form. More About Pruning Techniques→

How to Propagate European plum plant?

Propagate Time: Early spring,Late spring,Early summer

Select healthy and disease-free branches to take cuttings. Use sharp pruning shears to make a clean cut just below a node. Remove any leaves from the lower half of the cutting to reduce moisture loss and infection risks.

Dip the cut end of the cutting into rooting hormone powder or gel. This step is vital as it significantly enhances the likelihood of successful root formation, giving your cuttings a better chance to establish.

Insert the cut end of the cutting into a pot filled with a sterile, well-draining potting mixture. Ensure the cutting is stable and water the potting mix thoroughly to establish contact between the cutting and the growing medium.

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How to Repot European plum plant?

Repotting frequency: Every 2-3 years

Knowing when to repot Prunus domestica is crucial. Look for signs such as roots emerging from the drainage holes, reduced growth, or the soil drying out quickly after watering. These are indications that the plant has outgrown its current pot.

Select a pot that is one size larger than the current one. Ensure that it has adequate drainage holes to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot. A good pot should allow room for growth, providing a fresh environment for root expansion.

Opt for a well-draining loam mix enriched with organic matter. This type of soil ensures that the roots have access to moisture while preventing excess water from causing rot. The organic content provides essential nutrients, fostering healthy growth.

Toxicity of European plum

Is European plum toxic to humans?

The European plum, similar to almost all species within the *Prunus* genus, contains cyanide precursors in all its parts, including the seeds, with the only exception being its fruit. Upon consumption of the seeds, leaves, or other sections of the plant, these cyanotoxins transform into cyanide gas upon interaction with stomach acid. This gas then infiltrates the body through mucous membranes, resulting in poisoning. Symptoms escalate from restlessness to fatigue, impaired coordination and muscle spasms, difficulties in movement or speech, deceleration of breathing and heart rate, ultimately leading to death.

Is European plum toxic to cat?

Remarkably toxic to felines, the ingestion of European plum (Prunus domestica) can lead to symptoms such as vomiting, respiratory distress, dilated pupils, or even shock. The cyanogenic compounds found in every part of this plant become especially dangerous when the plant is in a wilting state, making older or deteriorating specimens more hazardous than healthy, young ones. Seeking veterinary assistance is often essential to prevent serious health issues.

Is European plum toxic to dog?

The European plum (Prunus domestica) poses a significant danger to dogs due to its cyanide content; consuming it leads to a critical medical situation. The highest levels of toxicity are found in the plum pit, although the roots and leaves are also highly poisonous. Symptoms may include vomiting, respiratory distress, and tremors, and it may be lethal if emergency treatment is not provided promptly.

WARNING

The judgment on toxicity and danger is for reference only. We DO NOT GUARANTEE any accuracy of such judgment. Therefore, you SHALL NOT rely on such judgment. It is IMPORTANT TO SEEK PROFESSIONAL ADVICE in advance when necessary.

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