Bitter melon (Momordica charantia)

Also known as: Balsam-pear, Bitter squash

Bitter melon, originally from Africa, is now grown globally for its edible fruit, which varies in shape and size. Particularly popular in Asian dishes, its bitterness can be reduced by slicing and salting the fruit, then soaking it in water. This climbing vine has also been used for centuries in traditional medicine across Asia and Africa.

In This Article

Care Tips Water Sunlight Temperature Soil Fertilize Prune Propagation Repotting Toxicity

Attributes of Bitter melon

Lifespan

Annual

Plant Type

Vine, Herb

Plant Height

2 m to 3 m

Spread

2 m

Leaf Color

Green

Flower Size

3 cm to 7 cm

Flower Color

Yellow Gold

Images of Bitter melon

Quickly Identify Bitter melon

Vivid yellow, tubular flowers measuring 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) in length.

Foul-smelling, palmately lobed leaves with crenate margins, 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) long.

Ovate-elliptical pepo fruit transitioning from green to yellow-orange, splitting to reveal red pulp.

Exuberant climbing plant with delicate tendrils, reaching 12-20 feet (3.7-6.1 meters).

Annual plant intolerant to cold, requiring warm climates for thriving growth.

Scientific Classification of Bitter melon

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Dicotyledons

Order

Cucurbitales

Family

Gourd

Genus

Momordica

Species

Bitter melon

Planting and Growing of Bitter melon

Care Difficulty

Easy

Watering Schedule

Every 8 days

Sunlight Requirements

Full sun

Sunshine Duration

6-10 hours

Ideal Temperature

77-86℉

Soil Type

Potting Mix, Peat Mix

Soil pH

6.5-7.5

Fertilizer Type

Balanced

Pruning Season

Spring, Summer

Pruning Area

Branches, Leaves

Pruning Frequency

2 times a year

Repotting Season

Spring

Pot Type

Plastic, Ceramic

How to Water Bitter melon?

The water amount for Momordica charantia should be enough to moisten the soil thoroughly, approximately 500 milliliters per watering session. Ensure that the water permeates deep into the soil to reach the roots, as the plant requires consistent moisture, especially during its growing period. Avoid waterlogging, as it can cause root rot.

What are the symptoms of an underwatered Bitter melon? ›

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What are the symptoms of an overwatered Bitter melon? ›

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What Are the Sunlight Requirements for Bitter melon?

Sunlight Requirements: Full sun, Partial sun

Duration of light: 4 to 8 hours

Optimal growth occurs under full to partial sunlight conditions. Ensuring adequate light supports healthy foliage and optimal fruit development, crucial for the plant's health.

How much sunlight does Momordica charantia need? ›

What solutions ensure ideal lighting? ›

Benefits of ideal light conditions? ›

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What Is the Ideal Temperature Range for Bitter melon?

Ideal Temperature: 77 ~ 86℉

For optimal growth, Momordica charantia thrives best in temperatures ranging from 77°F to 86°F. This temperature range is ideal for maximizing the plant’s growth and fruit production. Maintaining this range helps ensure the plant has sufficient warmth for photosynthesis and nutrient absorption.

What Soil is Best for Bitter melon?

Soil type: Sandy loam, Loam

Soil PH: 6.5 ~ 7.5

Bitter melon thrives in well-drained soil to prevent root rot and fungal diseases. Proper drainage ensures the roots receive adequate oxygen, promoting vigorous growth and healthier plants. Bitter melon benefits from nutrient-rich soil that provides essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This enhances the plant's growth, increases fruit yield, and improves resistance to pests. The soil should have moderate moisture retention to keep the plant hydrated without waterlogging. Balanced moisture levels are crucial for maintaining consistent growth and preventing stress-related issues. More About Soil→

How to Fertilize Bitter melon?

Fertilizer type: Balanced

When fertilizing Momordica charantia, use a balanced fertilizer with equal parts nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK 10-10-10). Use about 1 ounce (28 grams) of fertilizer per plant, ensuring it's evenly distributed around the base, without touching the stem to prevent any potential burn. More About Fertilizing Techniques→

How to Prune Bitter melon?

Pruning Time: Spring, Summer, Autumn

Begin by identifying and targeting stems that are diseased, damaged, or crossing each other. Focus on those inhibiting light penetration to the inner parts of the plant. Make clean cuts at a 45-degree angle just above a healthy node or bud. This positioning encourages new growth and helps rainwater runoff, reducing the risk of rot at the cut site. Shape the plant by strategically trimming it to maintain an open structure that allows sunlight and air to reach the center. This reduces the likelihood of fungal diseases and optimizes fruit production. More About Pruning Techniques→

How to Propagate Bitter melon plant?

Propagate Time: Early spring, Late spring, Early summer

Begin by soaking the seeds of Momordica charantia in warm water for about 24 hours to soften the hard seed coat. This step enhances germination by facilitating water uptake and encouraging the seeds to sprout more rapidly.

After soaking, plant the seeds in seed trays filled with well-draining potting mix. Sow the seeds about 1-inch deep and cover them lightly with soil. Ensure that the seeds are spaced adequately to prevent overcrowding.

Place the seed trays in a warm, sunny location or under grow lights to maintain optimal growing conditions. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged, as excessive watering can lead to seed rot.

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How to Repot Bitter melon plant?

Repotting frequency: Once a year

You should consider repotting Momordica charantia when you notice roots protruding from the drainage holes, or if the plant's growth appears stunted due to being root-bound. Additionally, if the potting soil breaks down and affects drainage, it's time to refresh the environment.

Opt for a pot that's 1 to 2 inches larger in diameter than the current one. A pot with drainage holes is essential to prevent water from stagnating, which can lead to root rot. A slightly larger pot will provide enough space for growth without overwhelming the plant.

The ideal soil mix for repotting should be well-draining and rich in organic matter. This ensures that the roots have the necessary aeration and nutrients, preventing waterlogging and root diseases while supporting vigorous growth.

Toxicity of Bitter melon

Is Bitter melon toxic to humans?

Bitter melon may pose toxicity risks when consumed in significant quantities. Ingesting it can lead to moderate adverse effects. The seeds and the bright red fruits are the toxic components, containing detrimental alkaloids. Signs of ingestion encompass abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, fatigue, dilated pupils, headaches, and excessive salivation. As ornamental plants, they are commonly found in gardens and yards, making them more accessible. The distinctive red fruits may attract children, who might unknowingly consume them due to their toxic nature.

Is Bitter melon toxic to cat?

Bitter melon exhibits a low level of toxicity in cats, which can lead to discomfort when ingested in excessive quantities. The main poisoning risk is linked to the consumption of the fruit of this plant. If a cat consumes an excessive amount of bitter melon, it may show various signs of distress or physical unease. It is essential for cat owners to keep a close eye on their pets and to prevent them from eating large portions of this plant. If ingestion is suspected, it is vital to promptly seek veterinary assistance to safeguard the pet's health and welfare.

Is Bitter melon toxic to dog?

Bitter melon is recognized as having a mild toxic effect on dogs. If dogs consume this plant in excessive quantities, they may experience poisoning. The toxic components of the plant are primarily found in its fruits, which can induce a range of symptoms reflecting poisoning when ingested by a dog. Pet owners should be vigilant for any signs of distress or unusual behavior in their dogs that may indicate they have eaten bitter melon. Should a dog ingest bitter melon and exhibit symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, or lethargy, it is crucial to seek prompt veterinary assistance to protect the animal's health and well-being.

WARNING

The judgment on toxicity and danger is for reference only. We DO NOT GUARANTEE any accuracy of such judgment. Therefore, you SHALL NOT rely on such judgment. It is IMPORTANT TO SEEK PROFESSIONAL ADVICE in advance when necessary.

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