As seasons change, the amount of natural sunlight can vary. Adjust the plant's location to maintain consistent lighting. During winter months, supplementary artificial lighting may be beneficial to mimic the conditions that promote vibrant foliage.

Euphorbia pulcherrima (Euphorbia pulcherrima)

Also known as: Poinsettia, Christmas Flower, Lobster Flower, Flame Leaf Flower

The poinsettia, known scientifically as Euphorbia pulcherrima, is a significant flowering plant from the diverse Euphorbiaceae or spurge family. Originating from Mexico and Central America, the plant was first identified by Europeans in 1834. Its prominence is owed to its striking red and green leaves that make it a popular choice in Christmas decorations. It got its English name from Joel Roberts Poinsett, a United States minister to Mexico, who introduced it to the US in the 1820s. Poinsettias can grow as shrubs or small trees reaching from 0.6 to 4 m tall. Contrary to the belief that they are highly poisonous, they pose no severe risk to pets or children although eating the plant can sometimes cause stomach upsets. Poinsettias are naturally found from Mexico to Southern Guatemala living in Pacific-facing hills in mid-altitude areas. The ancestor of most cultivated populations is believed to be a group found inland in the Mexican state of Guerrero. However, their habitats suffer from rampant deforestation causing fragmented wild populations. These plants were previously grown by the Aztecs for medical uses and now, associated with the Christmas season, they make popular festive decorations. The US sees an average sale of around 70 million poinsettias across various cultivars in a six-week period annually, with Paul Ecke Ranch, a prominent supplier for half of the global demand and 70% of the US market.

In This Article

Care Tips Water Sunlight Temperature Soil Fertilize Prune Propagation Repotting Toxicity

Plant Comprehensive Care Guide: Beginner's Introduction and Key Details

Perfect for beginners starting their plant care journey

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10 Secrets to Making Euphorbia pulcherrima Grow Faster (A Must-Read for Beginners)

Advanced tips to accelerate your plant's growth

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Care "Black Tech": 10 Little-Known Highly Effective Maintenance Tips

Expert-level techniques for optimal plant care

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Attributes of Euphorbia pulcherrima

Lifespan

Perennial

Plant Height

0.6-4 meters

Spread

0.6-4 meters

Leaf Color

Dark Green

Flower Size

12-15 mm

Flower Color

Red

Images of Euphorbia pulcherrima

Quickly Identify Euphorbia pulcherrima

It’s easy to recognize Euphorbia pulcherrima, due to its distinctive and colorful bracts that are usually bright red.

Scientific Classification of Euphorbia pulcherrima

Phylum

Tracheophyta

Class

Magnoliopsida

Order

Malpighiales

Family

Euphorbiaceae

Genus

Euphorbia

Species

E. pulcherrima

Planting and Growing of Euphorbia pulcherrima

Care Difficulty

Easy

Watering Schedule

Every 3 days

Sunlight Requirements

Partial sun

Sunshine Duration

4-6 hours

Ideal Temperature

60-70℉

Soil Type

Potting Mix, Peat Mix

Soil pH

6.5-7.5

Fertilizer Type

Balanced

Pruning Season

Spring, Summer

Pruning Area

Branches, Leaves

Pruning Frequency

2 times a year

Repotting Season

Spring

Pot Type

Plastic, Ceramic

How to Water Euphorbia pulcherrima?

When watering Euphorbia pulcherrima, aim to wet the soil until water drains from the bottom of the pot. This generally requires around 500 milliliters per session, ensuring the plant receives adequate moisture without being waterlogged.

What are the symptoms of an underwatered Euphorbia pulcherrima? ›

What should I do if my Euphorbia pulcherrima is not getting enough water? ›

What are the symptoms of an overwatered Euphorbia pulcherrima? ›

How to save an overwatered Euphorbia pulcherrima? ›

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What Are the Sunlight Requirements for Euphorbia pulcherrima?

Sunlight Requirements: Partial sun

Duration of light: Four to six hours

Euphorbia pulcherrima performs best with partial sun, ideally receiving four to six hours of indirect light. This range maintains its vivid color and supports robust growth.

Optimal Light Duration ›

Balancing Light and Shade ›

Seasonal Adjustments ›

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What Is the Ideal Temperature Range for Euphorbia pulcherrima?

Ideal Temperature: 60 ~ 70℉

Euphorbia pulcherrima thrives best in temperatures ranging from 60°F to 70°F. This range ensures that the plant maintains its vibrant coloration and optimal growth rate. Temperatures within this range support photosynthesis and healthy metabolism, allowing the plant to flourish and produce vivid leaves and flowers.

What Soil is Best for Euphorbia pulcherrima?

Soil type: Sandy loam, Loam

Soil PH: 6.5 ~ 7.5

Euphorbia pulcherrima thrives best in well-drained soil, preventing waterlogging that can lead to root rot. This characteristic ensures the roots receive appropriate oxygen levels, promoting healthy plant growth. A soil with moderate fertility provides essential nutrients without overwhelming the plant. Balanced nutrient availability supports robust growth and vibrant foliage, which is key for the plant's ornamental appeal. While the soil should drain well, maintaining consistent moisture is vital. It prevents stress due to dehydration, ensuring the Euphorbia pulcherrima remains lush and healthy, especially during its blooming period. More About Soil→

How to Fertilize Euphorbia pulcherrima?

Fertilizer type: Balanced

When fertilizing Euphorbia pulcherrima, commonly known as the Poinsettia, it's crucial to apply fertilizers in moderation. Use a balanced water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength, typically around 10-10-10 or 20-20-20. This ensures the plant receives adequate nutrients without the risk of over-fertilizing. More About Fertilizing Techniques→

How to Prune Euphorbia pulcherrima?

Pruning Time: Spring, Summer, Autumn

Start by identifying older, less vibrant parts of the plant. These are typically at the bottom and are either discolored or damaged. Focus on removing these branches to allow the newer, healthier stems to flourish. When pruning the stems, make cuts at a 45-degree angle just above a node (where leaves and stems emerge). This angle helps promote quick healing and avoids water accumulation on the cut surface. To encourage bushier growth, pinch off the growing tips of the branches. This stimulates the plant to produce more shoots and creates a fuller, lusher appearance. More About Pruning Techniques→

How to Propagate Euphorbia pulcherrima plant?

Propagate Time: Early summer,Summer

Choose a healthy Euphorbia pulcherrima with no signs of disease or pest damage. This ensures that the cuttings taken will be viable and have a higher chance of successful propagation.

Using sharp pruning shears, cut about 4-6 inches of the stem from the parent plant. Ensure each cutting has several healthy leaves to support growth.

Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone powder. This step helps encourage faster root formation and increases the probability of the cuttings taking root.

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How to Repot Euphorbia pulcherrima plant?

Repotting frequency: Every 2-3 years

Euphorbia pulcherrima should be repotted when its roots begin to grow out of the drainage holes or when growth becomes stagnant. Another sign is when the potting soil degrades or the water doesn't drain as efficiently, indicating a need for fresh soil and more space.

Choose a pot that is one size larger than the current one, with sufficient drainage holes to prevent waterlogging. Using a pot that is too large can lead to excessive moisture retention, which may harm the roots. A well-sized pot encourages healthy root development and growth.

Select a well-draining potting mix, ideally one designed for succulents or cacti. Such soil prevents water from lingering, which can cause root rot. This type of mix ensures the right balance of nutrients and moisture, facilitating healthy growth for Euphorbia pulcherrima.

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Toxicity of Euphorbia pulcherrima

Is Euphorbia pulcherrima toxic to humans?

Poinsettia can cause irritation if its milky sap comes into contact with the skin, mouth, or eyes. This particular species harbors toxic compounds similar to those found in most Euphorbias, but in significantly lower concentrations, which makes its detrimental effects relatively minor when compared to other members of its genus. As a favored houseplant, cases of poisoning from poinsettia generally arise in children and are often due to direct skin exposure. Be vigilant for symptoms such as vomiting or diarrhea following contact with this plant, as these are typical indicators of poinsettia poisoning.

Is Euphorbia pulcherrima toxic to cat?

The well-known vibrant red foliage of the poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) exudes a milky sap that can irritate the mouths of cats who lick or attempt to eat it. Although nausea or vomiting may occur, the likelihood of more severe reactions is low as most cats are typically reluctant to consume more than a small amount. Contact with the sap on the skin or eyes may lead to irritation. Any severe symptoms should prompt a visit to a qualified veterinarian.

Is Euphorbia pulcherrima toxic to dog?

In spite of their negative reputation, poinsettia plants possess only a mild level of toxicity to dogs. The milky sap present in every part of the poinsettia contains harmful substances known as diterpenoid euphorbol esters. While severe reactions are uncommon, ingestion can lead to symptoms such as vomiting, excessive drooling, or diarrhea.

WARNING

The judgment on toxicity and danger is for reference only. We DO NOT GUARANTEE any accuracy of such judgment. Therefore, you SHALL NOT rely on such judgment. It is IMPORTANT TO SEEK PROFESSIONAL ADVICE in advance when necessary.

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